/fli^«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
jflif{s k|ltj]bg 2061÷62
ePsf] kfOof] . zfxL 3f]if0ffsf] ;dy{gdf afx]s cGo sfo{qmdx¿df ;/sf/n] Jofks x:tIf]k u/L
/fhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{ b]lv ;j{;fwf/0f;Ddsf JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmfp ug]{ sfo{ u/]/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf
x'g] clwsf/sf] pn+3g u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . ;/sf/åf/f sltko /fhg}lts bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{,
kqsf/, sfg'g Joj;foL, k|fWofks nufot dfgj clwsf/sdL{nfO{ ljgf ;"rgf :yfgxb ul/of] . h;df
/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ;b:ox¿ ;d]t kg'{ePsf] lyof] . /fhgLlt1 tyf dfgj clws/sdL{ /
cfof]usf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ljgf ;"rgf ljdfg:ynaf6 kmsf{O{ ;/sf/n] JolQmsf] dfg ;Ddfg tyf do{fbfdf
cfFr k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynaf6 pkTosf aflx/ hfg] qmddf /x]sf
@% hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f ljgf sf/0f df}lvs cfb]zsf] cfwf/df kmsf{O{Psf] lyof] .
;+s6sfnsf] ;'¿jft;Fu} 3/d} gh/aGbdf /flvPsfx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
lng uPsf] cfof]usf kbflwsf/L ;lDdlnt cg'udg 6f]nLnfO{ ;d]t s]xL 7fpFdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf
JolQmx¿;Fu e]6 ug{ glbO{ ToxfF pkl:yt ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kmsf{OPsf] lyof] . cfof]usf] yk k|of;kl5 bf]>f]
k6s dfq cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ ;lxtsf] 6f]nLn] gh/aGbdf /x]sf g]tfx¿sf] cj:yfaf/]
hfgsf/L lnPsf] lyof] . gh/aGbdf /x]sf JolQmsf] 3/df /x]sf 6]lnkmf]g 3/sf kl/jf/n] ;d]t k|of]u ug{
gkfpg] u/L sfl6Psf], afXo ;Dks{af6 jl~rt ul/Psf, kqklqsf k9\g / /]l8of] ;'Ì tyf 6]lnlehg,
x]g{af6 jl~rt ul/Psf, 3/sf cGo ;b:ox¿nfO{ 3/leq aflx/ ubf{ ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] cgfjZos
hfFra'em u/L b'Mv x}/fgL lbg] u/]sf] u'gf;f] klg cg'udg 6f]nL ;dIf cfPsf] lyof] . cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;
kZrft\\ uf]/vfkq, /fOlhª g]kfn;Dd pkNfAw u/fOPsf] kfO{of] . ;+s6sfnsf] ;dodf gh/aGbdf
/flvPsf aGbLx¿nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] dfgl;s oftgf lbPsf] / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf] tYo cfof]un]
ljleGg lhNnfsf sf/fuf/, lx/f;t tyf y'g'jf s]Gb|x¿sf] cg'udgaf6 kfOPsf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf
;Ddflgt cbfntsf] cfb]zn] l/xf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f !@ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ k'gM lu/ˆtf/
ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] 5 . cfof]un] k'gM lu/ˆtf/ x'g] cfz+lst cbfnt tyf aGbL 5fl8g]
7fpF y'g'jf s]Gb|df uO{ cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]usf] 6f]nLsf] pkl:yltd} klg cbfnt kl/;/af6}
Pjd\ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zsf] ljk/Lt ;d]t ;fbf kf]zfsdf cfPsf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f k'gM
lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] kfOof] .
;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ;Fu} 6]lnkmf]g O{d]n O{G6/g]6 nufotsf ;~rf/ dfWodx¿ aGb ul/Psfn] ;~rf/sf]
If]qdf cGof}ntf b]vf k/]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo, P;=l6=l8=, cfO{=P;=l6=l8= tyf df]jfOn nufot ;a}
lsl;dsf 6]nLkmf]g ;]jf / O{G6/g]6 O{d]n ;]jf ;d]t cj?4 ul/Psf] lyof] . 6]nLkmf]g ;]jf ;+s6sfn
3f]if0ff ul/Psf] Ps xKtfkl5 v'n]sf] lyof] eg] df]jfO{n kmf]g ;+s6sfnLg cjlwe/ v'n]g . ;+s6sfnsf]
3f]if0ffdf g} k|]; tyf 5fkfvfgf ;DaGwL xssf] lgnDag ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+s6sfnsf] 3f]if0ff ePs} lbg
cfof]un] k|sf;g, k|zf/0f u[xsf] cg'udg ubf{ sflGtk'/, /]l8of] ;u/dfyf, /fhwfgL nufotsf ;~rf/
dfWodx¿df ;'/IffsdL{ t}gfy ul/Psf] KffOPsf] lyof] . cfof]usf] cg'udgaf6 ;dfrf/df ;]G;/ ul/Psf],
;]G;/l;k /fhwfgLsf eGbf /fhwfgL aflx/sf kqklqsfx¿nfO{ s8f ¿kdf ul/Psf], k|sfzg tyf
k|zf;/0f u[xleq xltof/ ;lxtsf ;'/IffsdL{ t}gfy ul/Psf], ;~rf/ dfWodsf sfof{nox¿df
;'/IffsdL{åf/f s8f lgu/fgL /flvPsf], ;+s6sfnsf] ;'?sf lbgdf k|sfzg u[x;Fu ;DalGwt JolQmx¿nfO{
k|zf;lgs Pjd\ ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 zfxL sbddf ;xof]u k'Ug] ;dfrf/ dfq 5fKg bjfj lbOPsf], lj/f]w
k|b{zgdf kmf]6f] lvRg] s]xL kqsf/x¿sf] Sofd/f vf]l;Psf], Pkm=Pd= af6 ;dfrf/ k|;f/0fdf /f]s
nufO{Psf], ;dfrf/ n]v]s} sf/0f kqsf/x¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L nfdf] ;do ;Dd y'gfdf /flvPsf]] kfO{Psf]
lyof] . ;+s6sfndf b]zleqsf dfq xf]O{g ljb]zaf6 k|zf/0f ePsf ljb]zL ;~rf/ dfWodx¿ g]kfn jfg,
:6f/ Go'h, lh Go'h, cfh ts, la=la=;L= g]kfnL ;]jf -Pkm= Pd= af6 k|;f/0f ug{ /f]s nufO{Psf]_,
la=la=;L=, ;L= Pg=Pg= nufotsf ;dfrf/ k|;f/0f dfWodx¿df ;d]t k|ltaGw nufOPsf] lyof] . o;
cjlwdf ;/sf/n] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f u[xdf xltof/ ;lxtsf ;'/IffsdL{x¿ t}gfy u/L kqsf/x¿nfO{
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