MARJINALISASI HAK POLITIK PENYANDANG DISABILITAS hukum berarti menciptakan hukum untuk situasi khusus. Dengan demikian terdapat suatu keterkaitan yang bersifat kontinum dalam tingkatan konkritisasinya dan tidak ada pemisahan yang jelas di antara keduanya. Hal ini merupakan suatu esensi legislasi. (Jayadi Damanik, 2007: 3) Dalam KBBI, dirumuskan konsep tentang diskriminasi yaitu: pembedaan perlakuan terhadap sesama warga negara (berdasarkan warna kulit, golongan, suku, ekonomi, agama, dsb); • kelamin: pembedaan sikap dan perlakuan terhadap sesama manusia berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin; • ras: anggapan segolongan ras tertentu bahwa rasnya itulah yang paling unggul dibandingkan dengan golongan ras lain; rasisme; • rasial: pembedaan sikap dan perlakuan terhadap kelompok masyarakat tertentu karena perbedaan warna kulit; • sosial: pembedaan sikap dan perlakuan terhadap sesama manusia berdasarkan kedudukan sosialnya. (Hasan Alwi dkk, 2002: 269) Dalam Oxford Dictionary, diterangkan pula konsep tentang diskriminasi yaitu: 1. Treating a person or group differently (use worse) than others: widespread racial/sexual discrimination, this is a clear case of disrimination againts foreign imports. 2. Good judgement in sth: show discrimination in one’s choice of friends/ clothes. 3. The ability to recognize a difference between one thing and another. (Jonathan Crowther, 1995: 331) Hal serupa juga terurai dalam Black’s Law Dictionary: 1. The effect of a law or established practice that confers privileges on a certain class or that denies privileges to a certain class because of race, age, sex, nationality, religion, or handicap. Federal law including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, prohibits employment discrimination based on any one of those characteristics. Other federal statutes, supplemented by court decisions, prohibit discrimination in voting rights, housing, credit extension, Publik education, and acces to Publik facilities. State laws provide further protections against discrimination. 2. Differential treatment; esp., a failure to treat all persons equally when no reasonable distinction can be found between those favored and those not favored. “The dictionary sense of ‘discrimination’ is neutral while the curent political use of the term is frequently non-neutral, pejorative. With both a neutral 86

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