131. The Republic of Korea has been experiencing a social issue where people make online and offline comments that demean and insult others based on their gender, age, disability, country of origin, ethnicity, or sexual orientation, including hateful comments toward Yemeni asylum seekers on Jeju Island in 2018. At the UN Human Rights Council’s third Universal Periodic Review (UPR) of Republic of Korea in 2017, the need for the government’s sustained efforts to prevent hatred toward sexual minorities and the disabled was also mentioned. 132. According to the Survey on Public Perception of Hatred and Discrimination conducted in 2019 by the NHRCK, 64.2% of the survey respondents 25 experienced hatful expressions. 77.2% said that Korean society discriminates against sexual minorities. The percentages were 76.6%, 72.1%, and 71.6% against mentally disabled people, physically disabled people, and migrant workers, respectively. Meanwhile, the NHRCK recommended to National Assembly Speaker to urge not to use demeaning or discriminatory expressions toward the disabled and to draw up recurrence prevention measures. 133. The 2019 analysis of defamation and contempt rulings under the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, Etc. showed that hateful expressions accounted for 33.5% of malicious comments that were put on trial, an increase from 31.6% announced by Korean Institute of Criminology based on its study of cyber slander rulings between 2016 and 2017. Among them, hatred toward gender took up 73.3% while hatred toward the disabled was 23.3%. However, the average fine for a comment using hateful expressions was KRW 550,000, which was lower than KRW 1.6 million for false information and KRW 25 1,200 men and women aged 19 and older residing in Korea. 45