37. The Korean government presented programs replacing corporal punishment against children, including student autonomy trial, scoring system based on daily living, volunteer activities (Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education) and life education (Gyeonggi-do Office of Education), in its consolidated third and fourth periodic reports of state parties due in 2011 Republic of Korea (CRC). As of January 2020, four offices of education in provinces and municipalities (Seoul, Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, North Jeolla Province) have legislated and implemented the “Municipal Ordinance on Student Human Rights” ensuring student rights and banning corporal punishment at schools. 38. The Korean government responded in the concluding observations on the combined fifth and sixth periodic reports of Korea (additional report in 2019, CRC) that the government enacted prohibition against corporal punishment by revising the “Enforcement Decree of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act”. It is true that the enforcement decree explicitly prohibits direct corporal punishment, but there are no sanctions for violation. Also, there is no prohibition against indirect corporal punishment, such as disciplinary punishment or putting children in the corner. 39. The “Child Welfare Act” states that no protector of children shall inflict physical or psychological pain and prohibits committing physical abuse against a child that may hurt his/her body or injure his/her physical health and development. However, the Supreme Court decreed that physical abuse against a child is “use of physical force that would have negative effect on a child’s body to the extent of impairing the integrity of the body or impairing physiological function even if it does not lead to the degree of injury that would result in abovementioned impairments” 9. And according 9 Supreme Court Decision 2015Do6781 Decided May 12, 2016. 16