Chapter 4 Investigations and Remedies: Discriminatory Acts Section 1. Overview Pursuant to Article 19(3) of the National Human Rights Commission Act, the Commission conducts investigations into complaints of discriminatory acts and seek remedies for victims. In accordance with Article 30 (1) 2 and 30 (1) 2 of the Act, the Commission may launch investigations into complaints of violation of equal rights by state organs, local governments or detention/protective facilities, as well as complaints of discriminatory acts allegedly committed by legal entities, organizations or private individuals. Also, by power granted by Article 30 (3) of the Act, the Commission may initiate investigation even in the absence of formal filing of a complaint when it deems that there exist reasonable grounds for believing that discriminatory acts have taken place and that such violations are serious. Violation of equal rights subject to the Commission's investigation includes any act of favorably treating, excluding, differentiating, or unfavorably treating a particular person in employment (recruiting, hiring, training, assigning, promoting, compensating, retiring, etc.); supply or use of goods, services, transportation, commercial facilities, realty, and residential facilities; or in the provision of education and training at or usage of educational facilities or vocational training institutions without reasonable grounds, but based on gender, religion, disability, age, social status, region of birth, national origin, ethnicity, physical conditions including appearance, marital status, including legally married, single, separated, divorced, widowed, remarried, or de facto married, pregnancy or childbirth, family structure or situation, race, skin color, idea or political affiliation, criminal record, sexual orientation, academic background or medical history. Moreover, Article 2(5) of the National Human Rights Commission Act amended in July Chapter 4. Investigations and Remedies: Discriminatory Acts 85