have a particular religion, harmonious solutions should be sought to realize both freedoms if
possible. Thus, the Commission deemed that it is undesirable that freedom to choose one's
occupation by job applicants is fundamentally violated on the basis of freedom of religion.
Furthermore, the universities have the autonomy and independence as private universities
and thus it is difficult to consider restricting recruitment of their staffs to people with
particular religions as an appropriate exercise of their autonomy. Also, in case the applicants
are not believers of particular religions, excluding them from recruitment on the ground that
disadvantages in personnel matters are expected does not constitute a reasonable cause in
that the accused have the responsibility to ensure that no disadvantages will be imposed in
regard to the promotion and relocation of personnel when recruiting applicants with
particular religions and to operate the organization in a way that they are not subject to
criticism or verbal attacks. Accordingly, the Commission recommended to the accused to
rectify the practice of limiting application eligibility as those with particular religions when
recruiting administrative staffs.
Section 3. Evaluation
In 2010, the Commission made concerted efforts to enhance the effectiveness of
investigations and remedies for discriminatory acts and heighten their social impact. In the
year, it received 2,674 complaints on discrimination, an increase by 58.6% or 989 cases from
the previous year's 1,685. This sharp increase in complaints on discrimination was mainly
attributable to the rapid rise in complaints on discrimination based on disability, yet it
appears that it is also related to enhanced sensitivity to discrimination in society in general.
The Commission also distributed press releases for major cases in which it made
recommendations to enhance sensitivity to and standards on discrimination in daily lives,
thereby seeking discrimination prevention.
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Part II. Major Activities of the Commission