forms of ill-treatment. These include safeguards with respect to persons who are detained and/or interrogated and monitoring and training requirements. Detention • With regard to detention, articles 7, 9 and 10 of the ICCPR are relevant, as well as other standards, including the Standard Minimum Rules and Body of Principles. • These suggest the following particular procedural safeguards should be followed when an individual has been detained: o relatives or a third person of the detainee’s choice and consular authorities of the State of origin of a detained foreigner shall be informed in a timely manner of his or her arrest or detention and the place of detention; o secret places of detention should be abolished under law; o all detainees should be given the ability to challenge the lawfulness of their detention forthwith; o every person at the beginning of detention must be given the right to undergo a medical examination; o a person shall be given the opportunity to have access to a lawyer of their choice immediately upon being detained; and o a person who is detained must be informed of their rights in respect of each of these issues in a language they understand. • The minimum interrogation standards developed by the ACJ and set out above should be adhered to when an individual is being questioned (whether in detention or not). • Article 11 of CAT also requires states to conduct systematic reviews of the rules and practices relating to the interrogation and treatment of detainees with a view to preventing any cases of torture. 31