interrogation a representative from a relevant non-governmental organisation or a relative or friend of his or her choice. Except to ensure the law is complied with, those persons should not otherwise interfere with the interrogation. 21. The time of arrest or detention and/or the arrival at the place of interrogation should be recorded. The name of any arresting officer and all others who have any contact with the interrogated person should be recorded, as well as the nature and time of that contact. 22. Each interrogation should begin with the identification of all persons present and the recording of their names and any official position held as well as the place of interrogation. The time the interrogation began and finished and the timing of and reasons for any breaks should also be recorded. 23. All interrogation sessions should be recorded. This should be by way of video (or audio) recording unless, for reasons which should be recorded in writing, this is not possible or if the interrogated person does not wish to be recorded in that manner. In cases where there is no video or audio recording, a comprehensive contemporaneous written record should be kept. 24. Procedures should be instituted to ensure the integrity of interrogation records, including proper storage. Evidence from non-recorded interrogations should be excluded from court proceedings (ie no ‘verballing’). 25. The recording should be made available to the interrogated person and his or her lawyer of choice. Where the record is in writing, the interrogated person and his or her lawyer should be given the opportunity to correct it. 26. After any interrogation, the interrogated person should have the right to request a medical examination by a competent and impartial medical practitioner. 27. Appropriate penalties should exist (including the inadmissibility of evidence) and be enforced for any breach of these standards. 23