102 slowly vanishes, but because it is your child how could you really forget. (Hyeon Changhui, 2009, 2-6) “But then, in the middle of the city centre, that car with my two daughters went towards Heilongjiang while mine went around the city, it was like in the movies, while I was going this way, they suddenly caught my eye, my daughters screaming ‘Mother, mother!’, while I was like this. The city centre in Yanji was so congested that people were walking alongside the cars, you know. The car, people were looking into the car, what’s going on inside? Then the car moved towards me but they had them under control, so that they couldn’t scream, so, well, I had stubbornly gone [to China] in order to find my daughter but then lost my other two daughters, I totally-, I got back to that house and got totally unconscious. Crying all the time, not drinking even a drop of water.” (Mun Gyeongsun, 2009, 2-7) Thinking of the situation of her son having lost his parents and being handed over to strangers, Hyeon Changhui (2009, 2-6) could not but experience heartbreaking pain. At the same time, this narrator had to worry about the daughter she had left behind in North Korea. The narrator expressed this pain as ‘My head was aching, it felt like exploding’, and this symptom persisted for the next ten years. Mun Gyeongsun (2009, 2-7) who had come to China together with two of her daughters to look for her oldest daughter, vividly described how she saw her two daughters disappear in a car in the middle of Yanji and the pain she felt, left by herself and losing consciousness. 2) Sexual violence Persecution of women is often carried out through forms of sexual violence. Sexual violence includes all forms of sexual intimidation, assault, interference, and exploitation. Among the North Korean refugee women who were sold to farm villages there were many cases of women being confronted with violence within the private space of the family. After escaping from North Korea, Yi Chunhui (2009, 1-6) returned to the area where she had previously lived but as the family she had lived with prohibited her from bringing her child, she could not return to that house, and so she ended up working in another house in the neighbouring village. For the reason that she had brought her child with her, the violence directed at Yi Chunhui (2009, 1-6) greatly increased. I was beaten every day. Without a reason, just because my child and I were talking to each other. That’s why my child and I, after some months, after 5 months we