Renewable energy policies through down-streaming actually result in eco-social injustice in communities in the epicenter of nickel. Komnas HAM RI seeks to respond to the impact of investment through a series of activities in 2023 to investigate the impact of development and investment that threaten human rights and the environment. This activity is directed as an ef- Komnas HAM RI views that investment politics aimed at creating a market-friendly policy ecosystem actually increases the asymmetric relationship between investors and affected communities. Based on this situation, Komnas HAM RI urges the Government to take appropriate steps to reduce the impact of mining investment on human rights and the environment. In this context, Komnas HAM pushes for an amnesty for the criminalization of human rights defenders’ activism. Furthermore, in 2023, Komnas HAM prepared an SNP on Business and Human Rights. This SNP encourages corporations to comply with sustainability principles and apply human rights due diligence to investigate the potential and actual impact of business activities on climate change. F. Justice for the Victims of Gross Human Rights Violations In his political campaigns during the 2014 and 2019 presidential elections, President Joko Widodo vowed to resolve past human rights violations. However, during his two terms of leadership, this political promise has not been fulfilled. Then, towards the end fort to encourage investor commitment to calculate the impact of investment on human rights and a healthy, clean, and sustainable environment. of his administration, the President formed a Non-Judicial Resolution Team for Past Gross Human Rights Violations (PPHAM). The PPHAM team was established through Presidential Decree Number 17 of 2022. This initiative is a complementary form of various mechanisms for resolving the gross human rights violations and efforts to realize transitional justice. At the same time, the Government should also encourage the resolution of the gross human rights violations through judicial mechanisms. One of the violations tried during the current Government period is the Paniai case. The court process for the Paniai case has not yet been completed, because there is a legal cassation effort. The Indonesian Attorney General’s Office filed an appeal against the defendant’s acquittal at the Paniai Human Rights Court in Makassar in December 2022. However, the handling of the cassation was hampered because the ad hoc judge to try it had not been successfully appointed by DPR. On the other hand, the files resulting from Komnas HAM’s investigation into a number of cases of the gross human rights violations in the past are Responding To New Challenges: Respecting, Protection, And Fulfillment Of Human Rights In 2023 9