expertise or understanding with regard to refugee-related international rules and norms and socio-psychological vulnerability of refugees. In conclusion, there is a need to prevent said structural infringement of human rights in the refugee application procedure by immediately ensuring the transparency and fairness of the refugee recognition procedure and minimizing long-term detention and difficulties in living. B. Domestic/International norms and realistic cases in major countries Contents Domestic norms - Concerning the protection of aliens under domestic laws, Article 6 (Effectuation of Treaties and International Laws and Guarantee of Aliens’ Status) of the Constitution and Article 4 (About Foreigners in Republic of Korea) of the National Human Rights Commission Act apply. - Concerning the language barrier problem in the provision of personal information, please refer to Article 9-3 [this clauses stipulates that, in the provision of interpretation/translation service to a migrant, international marriage brokers should use the migrant’s mother tongue] of the Enforcement Rules of the Marriage Brokerage Business Management Act. - Ref. Article 26 (Education and Propaganda on Human Rights) of the National Human Rights Commission Act - Ref. Article 2 (3) (Definition of Refugees) of the Immigration Control Act - Article 14 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights stipulates that “Everyone has the right to seek and enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.” - Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) stipulates that “Everyone has the right to liberty of person; no International norms one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention.” - Article 1 of the Convention related to the Status of Refugees (CRSR) defines the term “refugees.” rd - Ref. Concluding observations (9/20/2009) made by ICESCR on the 3 periodic report of the Republic of Korea Part 4. Stronger protection of human rights of refugees and stateless people 55