2. Courts’ infrastructure Another aspect that ISTIQLAL considered as revealing of Palestinian Courts’ overall preparedness pertains to their infrastructural capabilities. Table 6 shows the indicators ISTIQLAL considered when monitoring hearings before First Instance Courts and the Serious Crimes Court: i) adequate police protection; ii) presence of a court recorder; iii) presence of an usher; iv) courtroom acoustics. Table 6 COURTS’ INFRASTRUCTURAL PREPAREDNESS (% OF HEARINGS) Ramallah First instance Court Bethlehem First instance Court Hebron First instance Court Nablus First instance Court Tulkarm First instance Court Jenin First instance Court Qalqilya First instance Court Jericho First instance Court First instance Courts West Bank Gaza First instance Court Khan Yunis First instance Court First Instance Courts Gaza Strip First Instance Courts average Serious Crimes Court Police protection provided 97,5 100,0 99,3 73,3 100,0 94,7 97,1 100,0 96,6 90,4 66,1 77,6 90,8 91,7 Court Clerk present 99,4 97,3 99,6 100,0 99,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 99,3 100,0 100,0 100,0 99,5 99,5 Bailiff present 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 99,3 100,0 100,0 92,3 99,4 100,0 100,0 100,0 99,6 100,0 Voices heard clearly 46,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 97,1 100,0 38,5 92,2 75,4 99,5 86,8 90,0 76,7 On average, in the vast majority of all monitored hearings courts complied with minimum guarantees in terms of security, presence of court support staff, and courtroom acoustics. The following paragraphs contain more detailed observations and point out cases where courts did not reach a satisfactory performance in terms of infrastructures. a) Police protection In order to operate safely, courts need to be provided with adequate security measures. Trials in some cases involve defendants charged with serious criminal offences or with affiliation to criminal groups. The presence of security staff not only enables judges to carry out their work without fearing for their own safety, but also allows them to manage situations where peace and order needs to be restored inside the courtroom. In most monitoring hearings, ISTIQLAL observed the presence of law enforcement staff. While in courts such as Betlehem, Tulkarm and Jericho security staff was always present, in two courts, namely Khan Yunis and Nablus, no security was provided in a significant number of cases (respectively one third and one quarter of the monitored hearings). 24

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