have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their
choice.
1
[(1A) In making any law providing for the compulsory acquisition of
any property of an educational institution established and administered by a
minority, referred to in clause (1), the State shall ensure that the amount fixed
by or determined under such law for the acquisition of such property is such as
would not restrict or abrogate the right guaranteed under that clause.]
(2) The State shall not, in granting aid to educational institutions,
discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under
the management of a minority, whether based on religion or language.
2
*
*
*
*
31. [Compulsory acquisition of property.].—Omitted by the Constitution
(Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 6 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
3
[Saving of Certain Laws]
4
[31A. Saving of laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.—
5
[(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in article 13, no law providing
for—
(a) the acquisition by the State of any estate or of any rights therein
or the extinguishment or modification of any such rights, or
(b) the taking over of the management of any property by the State
for a limited period either in the public interest or in order to secure the
proper management of the property, or
(c) the amalgamation of two or more corporations either in the public
interest or in order to secure the proper management of any of the
corporations, or
(d) the extinguishment or modification of any rights of managing
agents, secretaries and treasurers, managing directors, directors or
1. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, s. 4 (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
2. The sub-heading "Right to Property" omitted by s. 5, ibid. (w.e.f. 20-6-1979).
3. Ins. by the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976, s. 3 (w.e.f. 3-1-1977).
4. Ins. by the Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951, s. 4, (with retrospective effect).
5 . Subs. by the Constitution (Fourth Amendment) Act, 1955, s. 3, for cl. (1) (with
retrospective effect).
47