Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (UN Plan of Action).22 These texts include elements which are not expressly provided for in article 13(1) of the ICESCR, such as specific references to gender equality and respect for the environment. The Committee considered that these new elements are implicit in, and reflect a contemporary interpretation of article 13(1) of the ICESCR. Dual aims of education Development of the individual The first main aim of education is the development of the individual. Education enables the full development of the human personality and sense of dignity. The Children’s Committee has discussed this aim in more detail, insofar as it relates to children.23 According to the Children’s Committee, the goal is to empower the child by developing his or her personality, skills, learning and other capacities, human dignity, self-esteem and self-confidence. Education therefore goes far beyond formal schooling (such as literacy and numeracy) to embrace the broad range of life experiences and learning processes which enable children to develop their personalities, talents and abilities and to live a full and satisfying life within society. Life skills, which include the ability to make well-balanced decisions, to think critically and to develop a healthy lifestyle, good social relationships and responsibility, ensure that children are equipped to face the challenges of life and to pursue their options in life. Promotion of respect for human rights The second main aim of education is respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. As stated in the CRC, education strengthens the capacity of the individual to participate fully, effectively and responsibly in a free society in a spirit of understanding, peace and tolerance. Education fosters respect for family, cultural identity, language and values, for the national values of the individual’s country and for civilisations different from his or her own.24 22 See for an explanation of the Human Rights Questions Including Alternative Approaches for Improving the Effective Enjoyment of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, UN Plan of Action, A/51/506/Add.1, 51st session, 12 December 1996, A/51/506/Add.1. See also appendix 3 for more information. 23 See Children’s Committee General Comment No. 1: The Aims of Education CRC/GC/2001/1 17 April 2001 at paras 2 and 9. 24 See CRC, article 29(1)(c)-(d), set out at page 30 above. 40