Table 6. Birthplace and in-work poverty rate New Zealand Australia (incl. External Territories) Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia (excludes Hawaii) United Kingdom Ireland Western Europe Northern Europe Southern Europe South Eastern Europe Eastern Europe North Africa Middle East Mainland South-East Asia Maritime South-East Asia North-East Asia Southern Asia Central Asia Northern America South America Central America Caribbean Central and West Africa Southern and East Africa In-work poverty rate (percentage points relative to sample average) -0.2 pp Share of sample 67.7% -0.3 pp 2.4% +2.1 pp +11.2 pp +2.3 pp -1.7 pp -3.6 pp -0.2 pp -1.8 pp -0.7 pp -1.5 pp -0.7 pp +4.4 pp +5.0 pp +6.7 pp -1.1 pp +7.4 pp +0.9 pp +16.1 pp -0.1 pp -0.6 pp -1.4 pp -1.7 pp +2.0 pp -2.1 pp 0.1% 0.1% 4.9% 9.1% 0.4% 1.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.4% 0.1% 0.4% 0.6% 2.2% 2.8% 2.3% 0.1% 1.2% 0.4% <0.1% <0.1% 0.1% 2.6% Source: IDI 2019. In-work poverty rate as defined in Section 3 and presented relative to the sample average (6.9 percent for a sample of 865,161 working household units defined by birthplace). See Stats NZ (2018a) for the full list of countries under each category. pp = percentage point. 4.4 Educational attainment We next turn to educational attainment of the household, which is captured by the highest level of attainment of any household member. The association between this variable and in-work poverty is illustrated in Figure 6 and is remarkably strong and linear. The in-work poverty rate for households with any postgraduate degree is about 4 percent. Households where the most educated member has a bachelor’s degree face an average in-work poverty rate of 4.9 percent. This pattern of increasing likelihood of experiencing in-work poverty as educational attainment declines holds throughout the educational spectrum. The highest rate is associated with households that have no school qualified individuals, at 10.7 percent. Page 27