Endnotes 1 Aotearoa New Zealand Code of Practice for Online Safety and Harms (The Code), https://thecode.org.nz/wpcontent/uploads/sites/38/2023/06/THE-CODE-DOCUMENT-FINAL.pdf, para 5.2. 2 The Code, para 5.3. 3 See: Race and Rage: Examining rising anti-Māori racism and white supremacist ideologies in Aotearoa New Zealand (September 2023) https://thedisinfoproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Race-and-rage-Examining-rising-antiMaori-racism-and-white-supremacist-ideologies-in-Aotearoa-New-Zealand.pdf; The edge of the infodemic: Challenging misinformation in Aotearoa (2021) https://www.classificationoffice.govt.nz/resources/research/the-edge-of-theinfodemic/. 4 UN Secretary-General, “Address to the UN Commission on Human Rights” (7 Apr. 2005), http://www.un.org/sg/STATEMENTS/index.asp?nid=1388. 5 Department of Internal Affairs (DIA), Discussion Document: Safer Online Services and Media Platforms (Jun. 2023) https://www.dia.govt.nz/safer-online-services-media-platforms-consultation#Discussion, p 35. 6 DIA, p 67. 7 The Code, p 4. 8 The Code, p 5. 9 The Code, p 4. 10 Waitangi Tribunal, Report on Stage 1 of the Te Paparahi o Te Raki Inquiry, (2014) https://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/assets/WT-Part-1-Report-on-stage-1-of-the-Te-Paparahi-o-Te-Raki-inquiry.pdf 11 The Code, p 4. 12 The Code, p 5. 13 The Code, p 5-6. 14 Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on a Single Market For Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act), Art 15(1)(c). 15 The Code, section 2, p 5-7. 16 The ‘International Bill of Rights’ is the well-established shorthand for three documents which together provide the foundation for the entire global system of human rights painstakingly drafted and agreed since 1945: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 17 A vast amount of literature exists on human rights standards and approaches in relation to online harm. Two examples, one with a focus on Aotearoa New Zealand: Helen Clark Foundation, Christchurch Principles, (November 2019) https://helenclark.foundation/app/uploads/2021/10/HCF_The-Christchurch-Principles_Hall_November-2019.pdf , and the other with an international perspective: Rikke Frank Jørgensen, ed., Human Rights in the Age of Platforms (MIT Press, 2019) https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-edited-volume/4531/Human-Rights-in-the-Age-of-Platforms 18 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (United Nations 1948) Art 1. 19 Human Rights Act 1993, s 138., “The Commission must not, in any report or statement made pursuant to this Act, make any comment that is adverse to any person unless that person has been given an opportunity to be heard.” 20 Human Rights Act 1993, s 5(1)(a). 21 Human Rights Act 1993, s 5(2)(a), (c), (d), (g) and (h). 14