First Nations Consultations For the Australian Human Rights Commission Key Findings Systemic Racism: Systemic racism was identified as the predominant theme, deeply embedded in legislative frameworks, government practices, and societal norms. This form of racism manifests in policies and practices that perpetuate unfair treatment and disadvantage towards First Nations peoples. The consequences include adverse impacts on mental and physical health, economic disadvantage, and social exclusion. There is a strong call from participants for legislative reforms, including amendments to the Commonwealth Constitution to dismantle racial power structures and ensure equitable treatment. Unconscious Bias: Unconscious biases, which are often ingrained and unrecognised, significantly impact decisionmaking processes across sectors. Participants noted that these biases contribute to discriminatory practices in education, health, and justice, reinforcing stereotypes and perpetuating inequitable outcomes. There is a pressing need for standardised Cultural Safety education to address these biases and improve systemic fairness. Historical and Ongoing Impacts of Colonisation: The legacy of colonisation continues to affect First Nations communities, eroding trust and perpetuating systemic disadvantages. Participants emphasised the necessity of decolonising systems and acknowledging intergenerational trauma. Effective anti-racism strategies must include truth-telling, education about historical impacts, and a commitment to sovereignty and self-determination for First Nations peoples. Over-Policing and Incarceration: The justice sector was highlighted as a critical area needing reform due to the over-policing and disproportionate incarceration rates of First Nations peoples. The lack of Cultural Safety and overreliance on punitive measures contribute to these issues. There is a strong call for implementing restorative justice practices and comprehensive reforms to ensure fair treatment within the justice system. Accountability: There is a significant concern about inadequate accountability mechanisms to address racism. Participants advocated for the development of robust, transparent, and independent monitoring systems to ensure that anti-racism policies are effectively implemented and that institutions are held accountable for discriminatory practices. An Anti-Racism Framework: Voices of First Nations Peoples Page 10