REPORT ON INVESTIGATED KILLINGS IN RELATION TO THE ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUG CAMPAIGN b. Sufficient provocation by victims Out of the 537 persons that have allegedly resisted arrest and/or fired at the operatives, police documents state that 13 of them allegedly grabbed the police officers’ firearms. About 489 supposedly pulled out their own firearms, mostly guns with caliber .22, .38, and .45. Contrarily, in at least 81 of these incidents, witnesses claim that the shootout could not have been initiated by the victim for the following reasons: i. Victims were heard or seen begging for the police officers before they were shot36; ii. Witnesses personally saw the victims killed,37 or personally saw the victims being in custody of police officers before they heard gunshots38 or found victims dead39; iii. Victims were handcuffed or were rendered physically unable to fire a gun40; iv. Surrounding circumstances which made it impossible for the victim to initiate aggression, such as doing leisure activities or sleeping41; or, v. Victims did not own a gun or did not know how to hold a gun.42 The existence of sufficient provocation by the victims – enough to endanger the lives of the operatives – is also questionable given that the police mostly sustained nonfatal injuries. Based on an unofficial document, only one incident resulted in the death of a police operative.43 36 CHR III 2017-0142, CHR CAR 2016-0111/2017-0022, CHR IV-A 2016-0240, CHR IV-A 2018-0387, CHR IV-A 2018-0603, CHR IV-A 20180635, CHR IV-A 2019-0217, CHR IV-A 2019-0250, CHR IV-A 2019-0453, CHR III 2018-0158, CHR X 2018-0385, CHR NCR 2016-0489, CHR NCR 2016-0563, CHR VIII 2016-0414. 37 CHR VIII 2017-0163, CHR VIII 2017-0165, CHR VIII 2017-0264, CHR IX 2016-0607, CHR IV-A 2018-0845, CHR IV-A 2019-0218, CHR IV-A 2019-0689, CHR IV-A 2019-0969, CHR I 2016-0239, CHR V 2016-0341, CHR VII 2016-0709. 38 CHR VIII 2017-0270, CHR IV-A 2017-0405, CHR IV-A 2018-0220, CHR IV-A 2018-0095, CHR IV-A 2018-0115, CHR IV-A 2019-0620, CHR IV-A 2019-0679, CHR IV-A 2018-0346/2021-0762. 39 CHR IV-A 2019-0775/2019-0776, CHR III 2019-0003, CHR VI 2016-0178, CHR II 2016-0246, CHR V 2016-0335, CHR V 2016-0340. 40 CHR IX 2016-0615, CHR IV-A 2018-0113, CHR IV-A 2018-0314, CHR IV-A 2019-0960, CHR VI 2017-0134. 41 CHR VII 2016-0587, CHR IX 2019-0592, CHR XI 2016-0210, CHR VIII 2016-0405, CHR VIII 2017-0164, CHR VIII 2016-0338, CHR XI 2019-0259, CHR IV-A 2016-0272, CHR IV-A 2017-0245, CHR IV-A 2018-0199, CHR IV-A 2018-0321, CHR IV-A 2018-0837, CHR VI 20160238, CHR IV-A 2019-0189, CHR IV-A 2019-0209, CHR IV-A 2016-0267, CHR IV-A 2019-0284, CHR IV-A 2019-0358, CHR IV-A 2019-0538, CHR IV-A 2019-0545, CHR IV-A 2019-0681, CHR IV-A 2020-0473, CHR III 2018-0131, CHR VI 2016-0141, CHR X 2019-0056. 42 CHR III 2019-0104, CHR IV-A 2017-0249, CHR IV-A 2017-0401, CHR IV-A 2018-0676/2018-0677, CHR IV-A 2018-0844, CHR IV-A 20190335, CHR IV-A 2019-0404, CHR IV-A 2019-0790/2019-0791, CHR IV-A 2021-0598, CHR NCR 2017-0138. 43 CHR X 2019-0196. 16