Roundtable participants urged that any official system for reporting serious harms on the basis of religion will need to deal with the fact that some smaller religious communities are distrustful of police and other authorities. This is sometimes because of experiences in their countries of origin, or because of negative experiences with authorities in Australia. Also, much of the work that has been done with Muslim communities on these matters has been done within a Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) framework. Framing the issue in this way frequently undermines trust. Any national register would need to be independent, and at arm’s length from government. The body conducting the research should work closely with religious communities to develop a reporting mechanism that can be used with confidence by people from Australia’s diverse multicultural and multifaith communities, including those where there is a historical mistrust of police and other authorities. Leaders and representatives of these communities should be involved in this development process from the beginning. We recommend that the independent body study overseas examples of reporting mechanisms, especially those in the UK, Europe, the US and Canada. Research should also be done into the longer term physical and psychological impacts of repeated experiences of discrimination or abuse. The AHRC is currently undertaking the Sharing the Stories of Australian Muslims Project. The project is made up of two research strands: a quantitative online survey collecting a national data set on the incidences of discrimination experienced by Australian Muslims; and a qualitative consultation process focusing on community priorities and challenges. Data from the project will contribute to robust intelligence on Islamophobia experienced by Australian Muslims including incidences of serious harm on the basis of religion. Freedom of religion in Australia: a focus on serious harms • July 2020 • 21