political topics as the definition of cartoon is “comic that satirically expresses political contents.”134) However, some assert that this is not related to violation of freedom of expression, as it is not holding the students and judges liable, and is a measure against the Korea Manhwa Contents Agency for breaching the standards set by itself.135) Meanwhile, opposition members of the National Assembly's Culture, Sports and Tourism Committee filed a complaint with the National Human Rights Commission on October 6, claiming that the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism's stern warning and investigation violated freedom of expression.136) On Nov. 9, 2022, the presidential office did not allow MBC reporters to board the presidential plane during their tour of Southeast Asia. Typically, when the president visits overseas, a group of reporters also accompanies the president on a private plane, and the media pays for the expenses. According to the press reports, the presidential office notified that “boarding a private jet has provided convenience for coverage related to diplomatic and security issues, and considering the recent repeated distorted and biased reports on diplomacy by MBC, we have decided not to do so.”137) In response, MBC issued a statement in protest, saying that it is an act that severely restricts the freedom of the press. Meanwhile, on Nov. 18, after the president's Q&A on his way to work, an altercation broke out between the MBC reporter and the presidential secretary, and on Nov. 21, the presidential office announced that it would stop answering questions on the way to work. The presidential office is considering canceling the reporter's registration as a reporter, suspending access to the President's press room, and requesting replacement with another reporter from MBC.138) On Sep. 22, after attending the Global Fund’s Seventh Replenishment Conference in New York, MBC sent out the president's remarks, “It’d be humiliating for Biden if those XX’s in the legislature don’t pass it,” with subtitles. The presidential office refuted that during the 134) Kyunghyang Shinmun, “Cartoonist groups releasing statements over ”Yoon Suk-yeol Train“ controversy,” Oct. 7, 2022. 135) Seoul Daily, “Heated discussion during the National Assembly inspection over Yoon Suk-yeol Train... Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism arguing breach of standards vs. opposition party concerned over blacklisting,” Oct. 5, 2022. 136) The case is still under investigation as of the end of 2022, at the time of preparing this report. 137) Yonhap News, “The president states that ‘important national interest is at stake during the overseas visit,’ on excluding MBC reporters on the plane,” Nov. 10, 2022. 138) YTN, The presidential office considering penalizing MBC ... The correspondents decide not to express opinions, Nov. 15, 2022. 54

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