3. Women A. Human Rights Status 2022 Article 11(1) of the Constitution protects the gender equality by stipulating that, “all citizens are equal before the law, and there shall be no discrimination in political, economic, social or cultural life on account of sex, religion or social status,” and Articles 32(4), 34(3), and 36(2) also stipulate the state's duty to protect women's work, welfare, rights and interests, and maternity. The Charter of the UN, enacted in 1945, contains the phrase “reaffirm faith in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small.” With the adoption of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1979, efforts to improve women's status could be directed not only to women's human rights in the public sphere, such as suffrage and labor issues, but also to women's human rights issues between individuals, such as sexual violence and prostitution, etc. Discrimination against women and violence are important human rights issue under the international standards. The issue of protecting women's human rights in Korea is an ongoing discussion. In the 2021 NHRCK, the Report on the Human Rights Situation in Korea, ‘stigma of being a feminist and decline in women’s rights,’ ‘implementation of the Act on the Punishment of Stalking Crimes,’ and ‘workplace sexual harassment and sexist hiring practices’ were considered as major topics in the section on women. The comfort women issue, ‘court rulings related to comfort women for the Japanese military and controversy over distorting history,’ ‘decision to disapprove the testimony of victims of sexual violence under the age of 19,’ and ‘consecutive deaths of sexual assault victims of noncommissioned officers’ are also topics closely related to women's human rights. These topics are similar in that even in 2022, it is difficult to find a significant improvement. Each topic examined in 2021 has similar context in terms of the controversy over the abolition of the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, the discussion of the death of Sindang Station and the revision of the Stalking Punishment Act, and the enforcement of the Housework Labor Act, receiving much attention in 2022, and its human rights significance. We will look at some major phenomena in 2022 below. 106