120 Explana�ons Given by the Police 120 Special Branch Watch on Shiaism and the Surveillance of Amri Che Mat 122 Enforced Disappearance of Amri Che Mat 124 Issue of Iden�ty 124 Issue of the Disappearance 124 Direct Evidence of Saiful Afdzan and Syed Amri 125 Circumstan�al Evidence of Vee Yak a/l Ban Jong 125 a) Surveillance of Amri Che Mat’s House 125 b) Presence of the Gold Toyota Vios 126 Evidence of Sergeant Shamzaini Mohd Daud 128 Shortcomings in the Police Inves�ga�ons 137 H. Conclusion 142 Enforced Disappearance by Agents of the State 142 Enforced Disappearance by Non-State Agents 142 Refusal to Acknowledge the Depriva�on of Liberty 143 Common Features Between the Two Disappearances 143 Religious Issues 143 Direct Surveillance 144 Similar Modus Operandi 145 Presence of Gold Toyota Vios 145 I. Recommenda�ons of the Panel 146 Authori�es to Respect Freedom of Religion as a Fundamental Human Right 146 Demarca�on between the Police and the Religious Authori�es 146 Reforms to Standard Opera�ng Procedures of the Police 147 Inves�ga�on Papers 148 Cases of Missing Persons, Abduc�ons and Disappearances 148 Role of the Special Branch 148 Independent Police Complaints and Misconduct Commission (“IPCMC”) 149 Set up of Special Task Force to Reinves�gate the Disappearance of Amri Che Mat 149 Legal Reforms 151 Amendments to the Law in Malaysia 151 Ra�fying Interna�onal Instruments 151 J. Addressing the Terms of Reference 152 K. Acknowledgment 153 Schedule 1: List of Inquiry Witnesses 155 Schedule 2: List of Exhibits 157 83 AMRI CHE MAT G. Findings of the Panel