...In cases such as forced disappearance - and others... the State has be�er possibili�es of assuming the func�on
of proving what it denies, than the individual to prove
what he affirms”
67.2.
Godinez Cruz v Honduras23, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
held:
“141. In contrast to domes�c criminal law, in proceedings
to determine human rights viola�ons the State cannot
rely on the defense that the complainant has failed to
present evidence when it cannot be obtained without
the State's coopera�on.
142. The State controls the means to verify acts occurring
within its territory. Although the Commission has
inves�gatory powers, it cannot exercise them within a
State's jurisdic�on unless it has the coopera�on of that
State.”24
67.3.
Varnava & Ors v Turkey25 , the European Court of Human Rights held:
"184. As a logical development of this approach, in the
situa�on where persons are found injured or dead, or
who have disappeared, in an area within the exclusive
control of the authori�es of the State and there is prima
facie evidence that the State may be involved, the
23
IACHR Series C no 10 (Official Cita�on); IHRL 1391 (IACHR 1990) (OUP reference)
See also Velasquez-Rodriguez v Honduras Inter-Am.Ct.H.R. (Ser. C) No. 4 (1988), Inter-American Court of Human Rights
(IACrtHR), 29 July 1988
25
Appl. nos. 16064/90, 16065/90, 16066/90, 16068/90, 16069/90, 16070/90, 16071/90, 16072/90 and 16073/90, Council
of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 18 September 2009
24
105
AMRI CHE MAT
"As this Court has o�en repeated, in cases of forced
disappearance, the State's defense cannot rely on the
impossibility of the plain�ff to present evidence in the
proceedings since, in such cases, it is the State that
controls the means to clarify the facts that have occurred
in its jurisdic�on and, therefore, in prac�ce, it is
necessary to rely on. the coopera�on of the State itself
in order to obtain the required evidence.