RESEARCH In fact, according to Komnas HAM RI, the provision of information that is mediated by technology may become a foundation in the educational process for the public.124 Nevertheless, the utilization of information technology also comes with problems. One of the incidents that were noticed by Komnas HAM RI was breaches of COVID-19 patient data owned by the government agencies.125 There was leakage of 230 thousand personal data containing telephone numbers, addresses, PCR results, and the hospital’s location where the patient was treated, even though the government denied it.126 Data leakage is a violation of the right to privacy that is hard to recover and affects other human rights. In this context, the attention given by Komnas HAM RI has touched two targets under SDG 9. The first is Target 9.a, which addresses “sustainable development of durable infrastructure in developing countries through enhanced financial, technological and technical support for African countries, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing countries.” The second is Target 9.c which improves “access to information and communication technology and tries to provide universal and affordable internet access in the least developed countries by 2020”. Maximizing the utilization of technology is closely related to innovation, as highlighted in Goal 9. Besides telemedicine, technology innovation can be applied in contact tracing efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Apparently, in Indonesia, it was below the standard due to the limited data.127 Besides, Target 9.c regarding access to information and communication technology is not well manifested, particularly in the education sector, as discussed in Goal 4, regarding the unequal distribution of internet infrastructure throughout Indonesia. Besides being associated with commitments under the SDGs, the above issues also intersect with human rights standards and obligations. For instance, human rights instruments view access to information as a fundamental human right. This includes information related to COVID-19.128 Thus, when the use of technology is not optimal in terms of fulfilling the public’s right to information, it is a human rights concern, related to Article 14 of the Human Rights Law, where the right to information is required to develop personal and social environments. The failure to fulfill the right to information and public information will lead to misinformation, miscommunication, and the circulation of hoaxes in the community, especially in the digital world. In the context of vaccination, for instance, all those things may cause the citizens to refuse to be vaccinated, assuming certain vaccines are unsafe and illegal.129 124 125 Ibid., 38. Ibid., 29. 126 “230 Ribu Data Pasien Covid-19 di Indonesia Bocor dan Dijual”, Cnnindonesia.com, published on 20 June 2020, https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20200620083944-192-515418/230-ribu-datapasien-covid-19-di-indonesia-bocor-dan-dijual. 127 “Menkes: Kemampuan Contact Tracing Corona Indonesia di Bawah Standar”, Tirto.id, published on 13 January 2021, https://tirto.id/menkes-kemampuan-contact-tracing-corona-indonesia-di-bawah-standarf89T. 128 See: Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, https://www.komnasham.go.id/ files/1475231326-deklarasi-universal-hak-asasi--$R48R63.pdf. 129 “Gerakan Tolak Vaksin COVID-19, Akankah Berakhir Lewat Anjuran MUI dan Tokoh Agama?”, Bbc. com, published on 14 January 2021, https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-55644537. 29