RESEARCH In addition to labor and worker rights, Komnas HAM RI also focuses on the handling of Indonesian Citizens (Warga Negara Indonesia/WNI) abroad, especially Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI). Since the beginning of the pandemic, PMI has been the most affected group regarding the transmission and the virus spread since there were so many of them working in the countries that were first hit by the outbreak. Several issues that were highlighted by Komnas HAM RI regarding the handling of PMI include stigmatization of them as a “virus carrier.”118 Another highlighted matter is that before the pandemic occurred, PMI received limited social protection upon arrival in their native region.119 Meanwhile, the number and types of jobs available there are limited. They cannot appropriately access the PreEmployment Card Program, either.120 The burden is increasing since most of them are women.121 Komnas HAM RI’s remarks on manpower issues that are discussed in this section are closely related to Target 8.8: “Protecting workers’ rights and supporting safe working environment for all workers, especially for women, migrant workers and workers in precarious situations.” 2.6. SDG 9: Build Solid Infrastructure, Promote Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization and Encourage Innovation SDG 9 considers that infrastructure development that is supported by innovation will promote an inclusive industrialization climate. At this point, infrastructure limitation is viewed as a barrier to productivity. In the context of COVID-19, technology, especially information technology, has an essential role in response measures and mitigation. Komnas HAM RI recommends the policy on maximizing utilization of technology, primarily to “ensure that information channels are working properly.”122 Komnas HAM RI noted several measures in technology utilization that the government has undertaken.123 For example, the Ministry of Health and the Indonesian Telemedicine Alliance have utilized internet-based telemedicine to provide health consultation services and provide information related to COVID-19. Provincial and regency governments have made efforts to use websites to provide public information. In addition, the police have made efforts to use technology to track crowds based on cell phone signals. Unfortunately, Komnas HAM RI assessed that technology utilization in the mitigation of COVID-19 is not yet optimal, and is not integrated with all provinces’ response and mitigation measures. 118 “Kerentanan Pekerja Migran Indonesia Menghadapi Wabah Covid-19”, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, published on 31 March 2020, https://www.csis.or.id/publications/kerentananpekerja-migran-indonesia-menghadapi-wabah-covid-19/. 119 “Banyak Jadi Korban, Buruh Migran dari Daerah Juga Butuh Perlindungan Sosial”, Liputan6.com, accessed on 18 February 2021, https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4135506/banyak-jadi-korbanburuh-migran-dari-daerah-juga-butuh-perlindungan-sosial. 120 121 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM (n.6), 74. “Data Penempatan dan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) Tahun 2019”, Badan Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (BP2MI), accessed on 18 February 2021, https://bp2mi.go.id/uploads/statistik/ images/data_19-02 2020_Laporan_Pengolahan_Data_BNP2TKI____2019(2).pdf. 122 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM (n.6), 3. 123 Ibid., 36-37. 28