RESEARCH and build effective public dialogue.79 In line with the mandate of Law Number 6 of 2018 on Health Quarantine, an epidemiologist from the University of Indonesia, Pandu Riono emphasized that primary vaccination should be free of charge.80 Apart from focusing on the efforts to mitigate the COVID-19, the government must also ensure that essential health services continue to run well. Considering Indonesia still has many challenges in the health sector, such as stunting and infant and maternal mortality rates.81 Furthermore, Komnas HAM RI also highlighted the broader role of the government. Komnas HAM RI criticized the government’s slowness in declaring the health emergency status, including the ambiguity of emergency status that resulted in unconsolidated and ineffective prevention policies.82 Other than that, Komnas HAM RI spotlighted that instead of Regional Quarantine Policy, PSBB was chosen to be implemented although not in the entire Jabodetabek 83 since there was no limitation of mobility to and from Jakarta, it was implemented differently in each region; no coordination with the central government, distorted and un-centralized communication on policies,84 transportation constraints in distributing the aid,85 and no integrated data on referral hospitals that need assistance.86 What underlies the criticism of Komnas HAM RI is the economic perspective that is dominantly used by the government in mitigating the COVID-19.87 The economic bias has created the policy of loosening the PSBB and preferably took it as an alternative instead of the regional quarantine. In fact, in mitigating the COVID-19 impacts, health and the economy should be prioritized, with a view to fulfilling the economic, social, cultural, and political rights of the people during the pandemic. Arief Anshory Yusuf argued that a firm intervention policy such as a regional quarantine would indeed suppress economic growth in the short term, but in the long run, the economic losses will be much lower.88 79 See: “Penolak Vaksin COVID-19 Kena Sanksi, Epidemiolog: 'Pemaksaan Tidak Akan Berhasil”, Bbc. com, published on 15 February 2021, https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-56061572 80 Pandu Riono, “UU Karantina Kesehatan: Vaksin Tidak Bayar,” see: https://www.dailymotion.com/ video/x7y2fsr. 81 “4 Tantangan Kesehatan ini Jadi Perhatian Menkes”, Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, published on 19 February 2020, http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/kegiatan-p2ptm/pusat-/4-tantangankesehatan-ini-jadi-perhatian-menkes. 82 83 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM, (n.6). Jabodetabek is an acronym for Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. Jakarta as the capital city of Indonesia is supported by the surrounding metropolitan cities consisting of the cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, South Tangerang and Bekasi. Including several regencies, namely: Bogor Regency, Tangerang Regency, Bekasi Regency, and Cianjur Regency. See: http://perkotaan.bpiw.pu.go.id/n/ metropolitan/3. 84 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM, (n.6), 14. 85 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM, (n.6), 66. 86 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM, (n.6), 63. 87 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM, (n.6), 130. 88 Arief Anshory Yusuf, “Mengukur Ongkos Ekonomi “Sesungguhnya” Dari Pandemi COVID-19”, Padjadjaran University Center for Sustainable Development Goals Studies, published on 14 April 2020, http://sdgcenter.unpad.ac.id/mengukur-ongkos-ekonomi-sesungguhnya-dari-wabah-covid-19/. 23