RESEARCH Besides leaving some notes on the social assistance, Komnas HAM RI examined the other social protection programs, namely, the Pre-Employment Card.41 The work skills improvement program, which is intended to increase job opportunities, is considered incompatible with the needs. The effectiveness of this program has not been assessed clearly, including the goals of the government itself. Moreover, the various stages of the Pre-Employment Card program are considered to be troublesome for the community to participate in. In fact, obtaining decent work is part of the fulfillment of Article 38 of the Human Rights Law. Thus, the Pre-Employment Card program fails to answer the need and falls short of enabling people’s realization of the right to work and the right to self-development. Apart from social protection, Komnas HAM RI also noted that there is a high level of agrarian conflicts. Based on citizen complaints received by Komnas HAM RI throughout 2020, the conflicts are still dominating. In 2020, there were at least 217 complaints related to agrarian conflicts consisting of several issues: indemnity and compensation, disputes over land titles and ownership with corporations and the government, and indigenous peoples’ rights.42 Agrarian conflicts are related to Land Titles (Hak Atas Tanah/HAT), which is directly correlated with “the most universal human rights such as rights to life, rights to property, rights to culture and many others.”43 The COVID-19 pandemic has not reduced or even stopped the agrarian conflicts. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, Komnas HAM RI issued an appeal for the parties to the dispute to refrain, especially the government and corporations, instead of using it to commit human rights violations.44 The same review was also conveyed by the Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria (KPA) in its 2020 final note.45 The high level of agrarian conflicts causes worse condition for vulnerable groups. Besides the health risks of the pandemic, there is also a possibility of land loss. The issue of agrarian conflict is closely related to Target 1.4. 2.2. SDG 2: End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition, and Promote Sustainable Agriculture As shown in the previous section, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the poverty rate and setbacks in relation to achieving SDG 1 on ending poverty. This section will discuss the most related thing to poverty, namely, hunger. The higher number of poor people has resulted in an increased risk of food vulnerability. It is due to food purchase 41 Ibid., Tata Kelola Penanggulangan COVID-19 dalam Perspektif HAM (n.6), 40. 42 Ibid., Laporan Data Pengaduan, (n.17). 43 “Position Paper: Percepatan Penyelesaian Konflik Agraria dalam Kerangka Reforma Agraria dengan Berbasis HAM”, Komnas HAM RI, published on 26 November 2018, https://www.komnasham.go.id/ files/20181126-kertas-posisi-penyelesaian-konflik-$AINDB.pdf. 44 “Komnas HAM Minta Tidak Ada Penggusuran Saat Pandemi Covid-19”, Tempo.co, published on 13 April 2020, https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1330998/komnas-ham-minta-tak-ada-penggusuran-saatpandemi-covid-19. 45 “KPA 2020 final note: Pandemi COVID-19 dan Perampasan Tanah Berskala Besar”, Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria, published on 6 January 2021, http://kpa.or.id/media/baca2/siaran_pers/223/ Catahu_2020_KPA:_Pandemi_Covid-19_dan_Perampasan_Tanah_Berskala_Besar/. 18