stipulating US$420 for 8 hours a day and 6 days a week of work but that, at the
airport right before leaving, they were forced by their respective recruitment
agencies to sign new contracts with US$300 for 12 hours a day and 6 days a
week ofwork.
The OFWs also complained that when they sought help from the Labor Attache
and Welfare Offrcer assigned in Libya these merely defended the substitute
contracts, even during meetings with representatives of trzls CIFIX World.
Violations of women's rights.
The NSO's October 2008 SOF found
that 48.3%o of the 2.0 million overseas
workers were female and 51.7o/o male,
continuing the slight shift in recent
years from the strong female bias of
the decade and a halfsince the 1990s.
Beyond the absolute numbers however
are the very specific wlnerabilities
that Filipina migrants face because
they are women
- experiencing
sexual
discrimination - and also specifically
in the sorts of work where they tend to
predominate. This is especially the
case when women migrate for work that is in line with their traditionally-defined
reproductive roles in society.
Those working as domestic household and entertainers for instance are especially
vulnerable to sexual violence, abuse and exploitation by the dispersed, isolated and
private context of their work. The problem is particularly marked in cases of sexual
violence which women find difficult enough to pursue as it is because of their sensitive
nature. This difficulty however is greatly compounded when they occur in foreign
contexts and absent a significant and meaningful Philippine government support
mechanism.
Women also suffer low wages. For instance in Singapore, salaries are low for
domestic helpers and related household workers (US$282-US$440 per month). In
Malaysia salaries are low for the female-dominated jobs as domestic helpers and related
household workers (US$200-US$402 per month), charworkers, cleaners and related
workers (LfS$230), salespersons, shop assistants and demonstrators (US$230-US$271),
and housekeeping and related service workers (US$215-US$286).
It is also well-reported that in many countries domestic workers work under
conditions of virtual slavery and forced labor, such as in Saudi Arabia which is ironically
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