Arrest is carried out mostly by SSA officers, but in some cases by the police. There was a case in which a victim was without awareness of who was the arresting authority. Most offenders are detained at the PPC following preliminary interrogation and the process of investigation by SSA or a related organization. In case of family members, some cases are recorded in which they, too, were investigated, but in most cases family members of the offender are directly transported to a PPC immediately following arrest without any process of investigation. The survey reveals that families are detained at a PPC without a clear understanding of the cause of arrest or charges brought against them. The survey on SSA agents and guards who worked at various PPC reveals that they were sent to the PPC under orders from the government and it was not their choice. The survey further reveals that the North Korean authorities select the camp officers or guards on the basis of songbun (class status) and family background as well as a security consideration of keeping the PPC operation absolutely secret, i.e. the probability of their future minimal contact with people outside the country. The survey reveals that Witness A08, who worked at PPC No.’s 12 and 13 over a 20 year period as an SSA officer, was selected to work at the PPC because he was an orphan without any family. 59