Guideline 10: Obligations of peacekeepers, civilian police and humanitarian and diplomatic personnel The direct or indirect involvement of peacekeeping, peace-building, civilian policing, humanitarian and diplomatic personnel in trafficking raises special concerns. States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations are responsible for the actions of those working under their authority and are therefore under an obligation to take effective measures to prevent their nationals and employees from engaging in trafficking and related exploitation. They are also required to investigate thoroughly all allegations of trafficking and related exploitation and to provide for and apply appropriate sanctions to personnel found to have been involved in trafficking. States and, where appropriate, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations, should consider: 1. Ensuring that pre- and post-deployment training programs for all peacekeeping, peace-building, civilian policing, humanitarian and diplomatic staff adequately address the issue of trafficking and clearly set out the expected standard of behavior. This training should be developed within a human rights framework and delivered by appropriately experienced trainers. 2. Ensuring that recruitment, placement and transfer procedures (including those of private contractors and sub-contractors) are rigorous and transparent. 3. Ensuring that staff employed in the context of peacekeeping, peacebuilding, civilian policing, humanitarian and diplomatic missions do not engage in trafficking and related exploitation or use the services of persons in relation to which there are reasonable grounds to suspect they may have been trafficked. This obligation also covers complicity in trafficking through corruption or affiliation with any person or group of persons who could reasonably be suspected of engaging in trafficking and related exploitation. 4. Developing and adopting specific regulations and codes of conduct setting out expected standards of behavior and the consequences of failure to adhere to these standards. 5. Requiring all personnel employed in the context of peacekeeping, peacebuilding, civilian policing, humanitarian and diplomatic missions to report on any instances of trafficking and related exploitation that come to their attention. 6. Establishing mechanisms for the systematic investigation of all allegations of trafficking and related exploitation involving personnel employed in the context of peacekeeping, peace-building, civilian policing, humanitarian and diplomatic missions. 7. Consistently applying appropriate criminal, civil and administrative sanctions to personnel shown to have engaged in or been complicit in trafficking and related exploitation. Intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations should, in appropriate cases, apply disciplinary sanctions to staff members found to be involved in trafficking and related exploitation in addition to and independently of any criminal or other sanctions decided on by the State concerned. Privileges and immunities attached to the status of an employee should not be invoked in order to shield that person from sanctions for serious crimes such as trafficking and related offences. Guideline 11: Cooperation and coordination between States and regions 75