Part I Introduction to human rights education Article 26 provides that: … education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Human rights education is included in a number of international human rights instruments, including the: • International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965 (article 7)23 • International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 (article 13)24 • Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 1979 (article 10)25 • Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984 (article 10)26 • Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989 (article 29)27 • International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, 1990 (article 33)28 • Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006 (articles 4 and 8)29 • United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 2007 (articles 14 and 15)30 Efforts to promote human rights education formed part of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action31 and are central to a number of other initiatives of the United Nations,32 33 including the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education (1995–2004). On 10 December 2004, the General Assembly initiated the World Programme for Human Rights Education. The goal was to promote a common understanding of the basic principles and methodologies of human rights education and to provide a framework for action. The first phase of the World Programme for Human Rights Education (2005–2009) focused on primary and secondary schools, while the second phase (2010–2014) focused on human rights education for higher education and on human rights training programmes for teachers and educators, civil servants, law enforcement officials and military personnel.34 A seminal point in the history of human rights education was the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights Education and Training35 in 2011. The Declaration reaffirms the principles and standards of previous human rights treaties and acknowledges the fundamental importance of human rights education and training to the realization of all human rights. 23 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CERD.aspx. 24 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CESCR.aspx. 25 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx. 26 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CAT.aspx. 27 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx. 28 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CMW.aspx. 29 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/CRPD/Pages/ConventionRightsPersonsWithDisabilities.aspx. 30 Available online at www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/IPeoples/Pages/Declaration.aspx. 31 See Part I, paras. 33-34 and Part II, paras. 78-82. 32 Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance; see Declaration, paras. 95-97; and Programme of Action, paras. 129-139. 33 Outcome Document of the Durban Review Conference; paras. 22 and 107. 34 “World Programme for Human Rights Education”: OHCHR; available at www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Education/Training/Pages/ Programme.aspx. 35 Available online at https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N11/467/04/PDF/N1146704.pdf?OpenElement. Chapter 2: Human rights education: An overview | 9