in stages.55 However, the NHRC understands through agency discussions that, up to this point, the efforts are still at the data collection and work itemization phase.56 Thus far, the government has not yet developed and implemented interpreting services that fully meet the needs of new immigrants. (c) Migrant workers 46. Procedural norms for interpreting and qualified interpreters are extremely important in order to ensure fair treatment for migrant workers in courts and other judicial institutions. However, while judges and prosecutors have the right to discretion in the use of interpreting services, their judgement criteria are not clear. Civil society organizations have pointed out that many interpreters collaborate with or are members of intermediary agencies, leading to potential conflicts of interest.57 The NHRC is also concerned that in addition to judicial interpreting, migrant workers may require interpreting services when signing or renewing contracts with employers to help them fully understand their work contracts. If labor disputes occur, interpreting services become even more crucial during the resolution or mediation process. 47. For §§43-46, the NHRC recommends: Governments should expedite the establishment of a professional cross-agency, integrated, multi-tier, multispecialty interpretation system. This includes setting up an application and qualification system, a mechanism for the selection of contract interpreters, and one for national examinations complete with plans for education and training. Moreover, specializations should be developed, and elimination mechanisms established. The NHRC also recommends implementing 55 56 57 36 For records of the 13th meeting of the New Immigrant Affairs Coordination Committee, Executive Yuan, please visit: https://ifi.immigration.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1662947079932.pdf#aC. NHRC discussion meeting with government agencies (2023, Feb 1). Summary of NHRC discussion meeting with civil society organizations (2022, Nov 3).