46 Parliament of Australia, Senate Standing Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Supplementary Estimates Additional Estimates February 2024, AE24-612 - Average Length of Time in Alternative Places of Detention (5 April 2024). <https://www.aph.gov.au/api/qon/downloadattachment?attachmentId=ac602df6c2cb-4630-a4b3-c768b79e9f9a>. 47 Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary June 2024 (31 July 2024), 4. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-communitystatistics-summary-30-june-2024.pdf>. 48 Ibid, 8. 49 Australian Human Rights Commission, Review processes for visa cancellations on criminal grounds: Australian Human Rights Commission Submission to the Joint Standing Committee on Migration (27 April 2018), 29. <https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/18.04.27%20AHRC%20Submission_Visa%20cancellations.pdf>. 50 Department of Immigration and Border Protection, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2017 (2017), 4. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detentionstatistics-31-jan-2017.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2018 (2018), 4. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigrationdetention-statistics-31-january-2018.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2019 (2019), 4. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/ immigration-detention-statistics-jan-2019.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2020 (2020), 4. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-andstats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31-january-2020.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2021 (2021), 5. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov. au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31-january-2021.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2022 (2022), 8. <https:// www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31-january-2022.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2023 (3 March 2023), 8. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-statistics-31january-2023.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 January 2024 (10 May 2024), 8. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigrationdetention-statistics-31jan-2024.pdf>. Note: All figures rounded up to nearest whole number. 51 Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 29 February 2024 (15 May 2024), 9. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-communitystatistics-summary-29feb-2024.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 31 March 2024 (23 May 2024), 8. <https://www.homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/ files/immigration-detention-community-statistics-summary-31mar-2024.pdf>; Department of Home Affairs, Immigration Detention and Community Statistics Summary 30 April 2024 (13 June 2024), 8 <https://www. homeaffairs.gov.au/research-and-stats/files/immigration-detention-community-statistics-summary-30april-2024.pdf>. 52 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, The health of people in Australia’s prisons (2019), 25, 58, 146. <https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/e2245d01-07d1-4b8d-81b3-60d14fbf007f/aihw-phe-33-health-of-peoplein-australias-prisons-2022.pdf?v=20231108163318&inline=true>. 53 Australia’s National Research Organisation for Women’s Safety. (2020). Women’s imprisonment and domestic, family, and sexual violence: Research synthesis (ANROWS Insights, 03/2020). Sydney: ANROWS. New South Wales Inspector of Custodial Services, Women on Remand (February 2020), 26. <https://inspectorcustodial. nsw.gov.au/documents/inspection-reports/women-on-remand.pdf> Women’s Safety and Justice Taskforce, Hear her voice: Report 2, Volume 2: Women and girls’ experiences across the criminal justice system (2022), 419 – 421. <https://www.womenstaskforce.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/723843/Hear-her-voiceReport-2-Volume-2.pdf>; Commonwealth of Australia, National Plan to End Violence against Women and Children 2022–2032 (2022), 47. <https://www.dss.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/10_2023/nationalplan-end-violence-against-women-and-children-2022-2032.pdf>. 54 United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Rules for the Treatment of Women Prisoners and Noncustodial Measures for Women Offenders (the Bangkok Rules), A/C.3/65/L.5 (21 December 2010), Rule 44. 55 Mehta R, Drake G, Abubasheer, A, and Padukka W, Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Women in Prison: Pre-prison experiences and post-release reintegration (2023), 7. <https://researchdirect.westernsydney. edu.au/islandora/object/uws:71422/>; Mehta R, Drake G, Abubasheer, A, and Padukka W, Refugee and migrant women’s pathways into and through prisons: A systematic review of qualitative studies, British Society of Criminology (23 June 2024) <https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958241260571>. 82 Not just an afterthoughtThe experience of women in immigration detention