registering their marriage later (Bunyan, 2021). These cases highlight the inconsistencies of civil and Islamic laws for Malaysian Muslim and non-Muslim couples on the requirement of marital status for citizenship conferment for their children. There have been reported cases of statelessness for children born in mixed marriages. A Siamese teenager born to a Malaysian father and a Thai mother remains stateless, even though her siblings have citizenship. Her citizenship application was rejected despite previously owning a birth certificate and a Malaysian passport (“Remaja keturunan Siam”, 2010). 2.4.2 Scale of issue The Home Minister revealed that, based on JPN’s records as of 25 February 2018, 12,667 children with a Malaysian father and a non-Malaysian mother were denied citizenship on grounds that their parents’ marriage was not registered (“MP shocked”, 2018). 2.5 Children born outside of Malaysia to a Malaysian mother and a non-Malaysian father 2.5.1 Causation of statelessness Gender discriminatory provisions in citizenship laws is the major cause for children born outside of Malaysia to Malaysian mothers and non-Malaysian fathers to become stateless. This is because Malaysian mothers married to non-Malaysian fathers cannot confer their Malaysian citizenship to their children. Malaysia is one of 25 countries that do not give mothers and fathers equal rights to pass their nationality to their children (Reuters 2021). Two constitutional provisions, Section 1(b) and Section 1(c) of the Second Schedule’s Part II, are discriminatory to Malaysian women as these provisions only expressly allow Malaysian fathers to pass on citizenship to their children born abroad (Lim, 2021, December 22). 2.5.2 Scale of issue The Home Minister revealed that only 21 out of 2,352 citizenship applications made by Malaysian mothers for their children between 37