These topics have been formulated with input from the Higher Education Standards Panel (HESP) and the Study’s Advisory Committee and may be further refined in consultation with the survey provider. The study’s survey provider, in consultation with the Commission and relevant key stakeholders/experts, will refer to the above topics when developing the survey questions. When selecting survey questions, consideration will also be given to: • advice from stakeholders (including the Study’s Advisory Committee) • resources and tools recommended by stakeholders • relevant previous research on related topics/methodology, by trusted domestic and international organisations and academics • survey length (i.e. short, effective measures will be required) • target population (ensuring content is relevant for staff and students) • safety and comfort for participants and other ethical considerations • human rights-based approach for question framing. Content will predominantly consist of closed-ended questions but is likely to include a small number of open text items to capture broader views on potential improvements to university responses to racism and the handling of complaints. (d) Survey instrument development and hosting The survey provider will design and build the survey instrument in consultation with the Commission, ensuring best practice in instrument design, maximum functionality and visual appeal, optimisation of participant experience and adherence to accessibility requirements (AA WCAG 2.1). The survey will be thoroughly tested by the provider and the Commission, and the provider will engage a series of strategies to minimise risk of duplicate survey responses, including ‘bot’ or other non-human responses. The survey provider will develop a webpage to host the online survey. The webpage will also include detailed survey information (developed in consultation with the Commission), such as privacy and confidentiality information and study consent processes. The webpage will be designed to be engaging, intuitive and easy to navigate and will use Study branding. The design will also ensure optimal inclusivity and accessibility. 62