(b) Survey design (i) Purpose and scope of the online survey The primary aim of the online survey is to gather information and establish a baseline for the prevalence, nature and impact of individual and systemic racism in universities across Australia. Other objectives include: (ii) • Giving those who have experienced racism at universities a sense of collective purpose through being heard and contributing to strategies for education and change. • Ensuring stakeholders, including higher education providers, governments and regulators better recognise and understand racism and are better equipped to create safe study and workplaces. • Providing stakeholders with access to resources (informed by lived expertise) to better understand and upskill the higher education workforce on what is needed to ensure a safe, respectful, nondiscriminatory and anti-racist workplace. Survey mode The survey will be designed to minimise the risk of harm to participants, endeavour to provide a positive participant experience and provide robust, useful data. Study participants will complete an online survey. Online surveys are convenient, cost-effective, easily formatted to be user-friendly and provide anonymity to participants. They have a national reach and can provide an opportunity for hard to reach and hardly reached cohorts to participate. The survey will take approximately 15 minutes to complete. This is based on substantial research evidence that suggests that rates of attrition/noncompletion of online surveys increase once survey length reaches above 15-20 minutes. 96 This survey length will allow the optimal balance of collecting sufficient data for meaningful analyses while maximising response rates and minimising participant burden. (c) Survey content The survey content will be designed to address the key aims of the Study and research questions as described above. 60