nucleated to dispersed modern settlements in response to modern housing styles and as a result of increasing dependence on cash incomes.” ‘Political representation and women’s empowerment in Samoa’, National University of Samoa, Inquiry document 63 The Inquiry has already focused on how the arrival of the missionaries resulted in a drop in status of women in Samoa and a loss of protection against family violence. The second period of social change experienced in Samoa had similarly enabling consequences in relation to family violence, in ways which were not predicted and therefore not guarded against. These adverse developments can be grouped into four categories: 10.4.1 Cash Economy The transition to a cash economy has not in itself contributed to the prevalence of violence but it has laid the foundations for a number of other contributing factors or triggers which have arisen because of the lack of foresight and planning involved in the transition. “We have become a cash economy but not taught how to manage money or save, which leads to financial stresses which in turn can contribute to drinking and family violence.” Dr. Malama Tafunai, Inquiry public hearings Not only has the introduction of a cash economy brought increased pressures through a lack of financial education, which can lead to increased family violence, but those pressures have also increased due to the cash obligations of fa’alavelave and church obligations, as detailed earlier in the Report. INQUIRY FINDING 47: The introduction of the cash economy in Samoa and a lack of financial literacy combine to cause financial pressures which in turn increase the risk of family violence. 10.4.2 Housing patterns One other consequence of Samoa moving to a cash economy was that the physical makeup of villages began to change as did the structures of houses. These developments both had an adverse effect on prevention and protection in relation to family violence. “Settlement patterns have changed. In most villages, houses used to be located close to one another. Houses had open walls, everyone could see their neighbours, and there was little privacy. But Samoa has become more modern since money started coming in from migrants overseas. Nowadays families live in houses located in separate compounds. Villages are now spread out, and families