FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM 39 for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.” State Parties have the obligation to prevent and punish not only acts of torture as defined in the Convention, but also other acts of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, when such acts are committed by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. State Parties have an obligation to take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture from occurring on their territories. Measures mentioned in the Convention include the prohibition and punish ability by appropriate penalties of all acts of torture in domestic criminal law; education and information regarding the prohibition against torture to be fully integrated into the training of law enforcement personnel, civil or military, medical personnel, public officials and others; the systematic review by State Parties of interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices as well as of arrangements for the custody and treatment of suspects, detainees and prisoners; guarantees for the prompt and impartial investigation by competent authorities into allegations of torture; the protection of witnesses; and the possibility for victims to obtain redress and fair and adequate compensation and rehabilitation. In addition, State parties have an obligation not to expel, return or extradite a person to another State where he or she would be in danger of being subjected to torture. An act of torture is required to be made an extraditable offence and a State Party is to take measures to establish its jurisdiction over crimes of torture committed in any part of its territory by one of its nationals and when an alleged offender is present on its territory and not extradited. In order to monitor and review actions taken by States parties to fulfill their obligations, the Committee against Torture has certain procedures at its disposal. The first is the obligation for all State Parties to submit periodic reports to the Committee for examination, which results in the adoption of recommendations by the Committee to the State Party in question. A particular feature of the Convention is that if the Committee receives reliable information indicating that torture is being systematically