FROM BONDAGE TO FREEDOM nation’, provided that the derogation will not involve discrimination on grounds of race, colour, sex, language, religion or social origin. In no circumstances, in peace or war, is derogation permitted under the Covenant from the following fundamental rights: the right to life, recognition before the law, freedom from torture and slavery, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the right not to be imprisoned solely for inability to fulfill a contractual obligation, and the right not to be held guilty for committing a crime which did not constitute a criminal offence at the time it was committed. Article 28 of the Covenant provides for the establishment of a Human Rights Committee, which monitors the implementation of the Covenant in a number of ways. Two Optional Protocols elaborate on certain provisions of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, one provides mechanism for taking complaints from individuals, the other advocates the abolition of the death penalty. ii) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 (ICESCR) The Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, represents the second generation of human rights, which were 36 ii) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 • No distinction based on sex. (Article 2) • Equal rights for men and women in the enjoyment of civil and political rights. (Article 3) • Prohibits cruel, inhuman or degrading practices. (Article 7) • Prohibits slavery and servitude. (Article 8) • Right to liberty and security of person; no one shall be subject to arbitrary arrest or detention. (Article 9) • Freedom of movement. (Article 12) • Equality before the courts and tribunals. (Article 14) • Equal before the law, equal protection of the law. (Article 26) International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966 • No distinction based on sex, nation or social origin. (Article 2) • Equal rights for men and women in the enjoyment of economic, social and cultural rights. (Article 3) • Right to do work that one freely chooses under conditions protecting fundamental freedoms of the individual. (Article 6) • Right to just and favourable conditions of work. (Article 7)