Hate Speech and Harassment Sexual harassment and harassment are similar to hate speech. Sexual harassment refers to “making people feel sexually humiliated or loathsome in business, employment or other settings or giving disadvantage in employment on the pretext of disobedience to sexual comments or other demands by a working person, an employer or an employee of a public agency” (Article 2, No. 3, (d) of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea Act). Verbal sexual harassment can also be categorized as hate speech due to its focus on gender. Whereas hate speech is not defined based on certain relationships, sexual harassment requires relationships such as employment or work. In other words, verbal sexual harassment is a type of sexual hate speech in a relationship related to work or employment. “Harassment” is also defined as a type of hate in the proposal of the Antidiscrimination Act put forward by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea in 2006. It refers to any activity that causes physical pain or mental pain including shame, insults, or fear for an individual or group due to gender, disabilities, race, country of origin, ethnicity of origin, skin color, or sexual orientation. As harassment can also be enacted verbally, it may coincide with hate speech. In other words, verbal harassment may be a type of hate speech in relationships related to work or employment. 23