identity, and sexual orientation, and expressions that justify, support, increase or cause any hostility and insults, harassment, mockery, negative prejudice, stigma, or threat (General Policy Recommendation No. 15 on combating Hate Speech) ■ (Gender Discrimination Hate Speech) Expressions that disdain people by considering their sexual range of gender or sex as inferior or fundamentally reducing the sexual range (Council of Europe Gender Equality Strategy) ■ Expressions that cause discrimination, hostility, and violence or discriminate and hate particular individuals or groups because they have the characteristics of social minorities (Study on Hate Speech and Regulatory Measures, National Human Rights Commission of Korea) Three factors emerge from the international standards and foreign legislation (Refer to Attachment 2) regarding the definition of hate speech. ① Targets a particular group with particular characteristics ② Insults, degrades, abuses, or threatens particular groups or their members based on negative prejudices and stereotypes and advertises and incites discrimination and violence ③ Words and actions used against a target group rather than physical attacks In addition, it is necessary to consider the contents and effects of hate speech. Hate speech justifies the existing discrimination of a target group or advertises and reinforces that discrimination. Therefore, the targets of hate speech are social minorities that have received discrimination, and the unique problem of hate speech is that it strengthens the discrimination towards those 11