Measuring bullying (behavioural definition) An adaption of the SNAQ approach was used to measure bullying (for the behavioural definition). ADAPTED SHORT VERSION OF THE NEGATIVE ACTS QUESTIONNAIRE (SNAQ) Prevalence of workplace bullying was measured using bullying items taken from the short version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (SNAQ) developed by Notelaers, Hoel et al. (2018). It uses an equal number of indicators for each of the three distinguished forms of bullying: person-oriented, work-related, and social exclusion. Two adaptions were made to the SNAQ following cognitive testing. A tenth item ‘Threats of violence or physical abuse, or actual abuse’ was added. The time period covered by the question was also changed from the past 6 months to the past 12 months. This longer time period was felt to be more appropriate given the number of lockdowns experienced for many workers. Respondents were required to score how often they have experienced 10 negative acts over the past 12 months (never=1, seldom=2, sometimes=3, often=4, always=5). BEHAVIOURAL PREVALENCE Bullying by definition is considered to be a repeated or systematic behaviour that happens frequently. The behavioural prevalence figures in this section therefore refers to the proportion of workers who experienced at least one of the 10 negative acts ‘often’ or ‘always’ in the last 12 months. ESTABLISHING THE MORE SERIOUS CASES OF BULLYING To establish a group or workers who are potentially most exposed to very intense bullying, overall scores were computed for each individual with a possible range of 10 (never experienced any behaviours) to 50 (experiencing all behaviours on a daily basis). This analysis is covered on page 38. KANTAR PUBLIC 2022 31