Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 34 in monitoring initiatives and participated in global forums, such as COP28, to highlight the concerns of vulnerable populations. Their efforts aim to ensure that the voices of marginalised groups are included in government climate mitigation and adaptation initiatives, emphasising the importance of inclusivity in policy-making processes. NCHR Pakistan explores the potential for collaboration with the government on national climate policies, although their current involvement in policy development is limited. The NCHR Pakistan emphasises the need for dialogue with the government to address human rights issues within climate-related policies. They advocate for increased public participation in the policy-making process, calling for consultations that incorporate feedback from human rights organisations. This approach aims to ensure that policies respect the rights of all citizens, particularly marginalised communities affected by climate change. In Sri Lanka, the HRCSL expresses a desire for greater engagement with the government regarding national climate policies and strategies. Despite existing policies at the national level, the Commission has not been invited to provide input during policy-making processes, limiting their ability to contribute expertise in human rights. Recognising the potential for collaboration, the Commission seeks to approach relevant authorities to express their interest in participating in policy discussions. They emphasise the need for capacity building to strengthen their understanding of climate change issues, which is essential for effectively contributing to climate mitigation and adaptation efforts alongside the government. Overall, the advocacy practices of all six NHRIs highlight a pressing need for collaboration between human rights bodies and governments to address climate change comprehensively, especially in relation to the mobility impacts of affected communities, particularly displacement and resettlement. As they navigate challenges related to capacity, knowledge, and public awareness, NHRIs play a vital role in promoting inclusive policies that safeguard human rights amidst the growing impacts of climate change. Their efforts underscore the importance of integrating human rights considerations into climate action, ensuring that vulnerable populations are heard and supported in the face of environmental challenges. C. Risks, Political Will, and Security The engagement of the six NHRIs in the region reflects a complex interplay of political will, risks, and security concerns related to CCMA. Common themes emerged across these NHRIs in their survey responses and interviews, highlighting the challenges they face in promoting human rights-based approaches to climate action and the varying levels of political support they receive from their respective governments.