Empowering National Human Rights Institutions to Advance Rights-Based Climate Action 31 yet their capacity to connect these issues to human rights remains limited. The Commission recognises the need for enhanced training and resources to improve its monitoring and reporting capabilities. NCHR Pakistan indicated their commitment to addressing human rights violations linked to climate change and broader environmental issues. The NCHR actively monitors pollution and has been vocal about the human rights implications of recent devastating floods. While the Commission advocates for renewable energy adoption policies, it encounters challenges with governmental responsiveness and resource constraints. These factors impede the NCHR’s ability to effectively address the scale of climate-related disasters and ensure the protection of fundamental rights. In particular, there is currently inadequate capacity to address the human rights and human mobility issues that could arise out of new policies. Lastly, in Sri Lanka, the HRCSL recognises the urgent need for training and capacity-building initiatives focused on climate change and human rights. Although there are ongoing inquiries into climate-related flooding, the Commission acknowledges its lack of expertise in this area and less strategic focus in this area. Coordination with government authorities is ongoing, but challenges remain in land availability for relocation after disasters. The complexity of negotiating with private landowners complicates efforts to provide concrete solutions for affected populations, revealing the intricate challenges faced in implementing effective human rights-based climate adaptation strategies. Overall, all six NHRIs demonstrated varying levels of engagement in monitoring, investigating, advising, and reporting on CCMA initiatives. While common challenges include resource constraints, knowledge gaps, and the need for enhanced collaboration, each country highlights unique experiences and responses to the human rights implications of climate change. Strengthening the capacity of these NHRIs remains crucial for effectively addressing the intersection of human rights and climate change, ensuring that vulnerable populations receive the protection and support they require in the face of environmental challenges. B. Advocating and Promoting Inclusive Policies The advocacy efforts of all six NHRIs reflect a critical intersection of human rights and climate change. Common themes emerge from their approaches, particularly in promoting inclusive policies related to CCMA initiatives. Responses to the survey questionnaire and the interviews show that these institutions face various challenges, but they are increasingly recognising the importance of integrating human rights perspectives into national climate policies and practices.