Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 28 The HRCSL identifies several capacity gaps, which include the need for comprehensive training for all staff levels on climate change and human rights, technical support for reporting to international bodies, and financial resources for special investigations or national inquiries. In addition, exposure to best practices from other institutions, and development of monitoring and advocacy tools are also identified. The above NHRIs profiles reveal that most of them have included mobility considerations, primarily focusing on disaster-related displacement and relocation in their monitoring, reporting, and advisory roles in general, but not necessarily addressing mobility risks related to CCMA initiatives at either the policy or project implementation levels. This gap reflects the current limitations in their capacity to comprehensively engage with mobility issues specifically linked to CCMA, highlighting the need for further capacity-building to effectively integrate these risks into their work. 4.2. Needs Assessment The data analysis was based on the seven thematic areas identified during the inception stage. The survey data was used to measure the perceived capacity of NHRIs based on self-ranking, while the interview data provided further insights into their current practice and perceived gaps. A. Monitoring, Investigation, Reporting, and Advising on CCMA initiatives The monitoring, investigation, advising, and reporting on CCMA initiatives across six NHRIs of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka reveal common thematic issues while also showcasing unique experiences from each institution. All NHRIs indicated their recognition of the significant impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities, underscoring the need for NHRIs to effectively address these challenges from a human rights perspective in their respective countries.