Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 16 In addition, the six dimensions of the FIRE were applied to understand the gender equality dimension of NHRIs practice. Some of the relevant operationalisations of those dimensions are explained below. Dimensions of FIRE Governance Systems and Structures Fundamental Rights and Equality NonDiscrimination This dimension focuses on improving systems related to laws, policies, and procedures for DRR and resilience building. It emphasises ensuring that these systems are based on international gender equality and human rights standards, creating institutions that allow marginalised groups to exercise their rights, and establishing diverse platforms for civil society to advocate for rights. It also addresses institutionalised exclusion based on social status. The survey questionnaire and the interview guide included specific questions related to the governance dimensions within the NHRIs as well as the national legal and regulatory environment. This dimension is dedicated to realising fundamental rights as outlined in international standards and treaties. It emphasises the influence of gendered social and political structures on rights access and aims to achieve equality both as a right and as a societal goal. It stresses the importance of participation in realising these rights and holding duty bearers accountable. The survey questionnaire and interview were guided by the international human rights norms and standards, with special emphasis on the obligations of the State. This dimension focuses on tackling discrimination and inequality based on identities and socio-economic characteristics, such as gender, age, caste, and ethnicity. It recognises that these factors intersect in various ways, affecting the enjoyment of rights. Intersectionality of various forms of discrimination recognising and addressing the complex and overlapping forms of discrimination that individuals may face based on multiple aspects of their identity will be captured through the analysis.