Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis of the National Human Rights Institutions in South Asia 14 the damage from current and future climate impacts. Both are crucial in managing the consequences of climate change, which include extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and changing ecosystems. Therefore, CCMA encompasses a wide range of policies and actions, from global initiatives like the Paris Agreement to local adaptation projects aimed at protecting vulnerable communities. Both approaches are essential to tackling climate change and require coordinated efforts across sectors, from government policy and international cooperation to private sector investments and community-level action. 2.1. Scope and Objectives The Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis is conducted to understand the challenges faced by selected NHRIs in South Asia regarding their monitoring and advisory roles in CCMA initiatives. The assessment covers APF member NHRIs in South Asia, including NHRIs of Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This assessment is expected to lay the groundwork for developing a toolkit to monitor human rights compliance in CCMA initiatives, with a particular focus on the mobility aspect. This focus is justified in view of the evidence that climate change can trigger involuntary migration, displacement, and relocation, disrupting livelihoods and exacerbating vulnerabilities for a large number of people. Addressing these risks ensures that adaptation and mitigation efforts protect affected populations, promote resilience, and avoid creating new human rights challenges. Although climate-related human mobility is increasingly seen as a human rights issue, it has often been overlooked in climate change discourse, despite the clear impact on basic human rights protected under UN conventions and treaties.61 In addition, given that climate change impacts men and women differently, often exacerbating existing gender inequalities, this Needs Assessment and Gap Analysis also integrates gender considerations to ensure that gender equality is addressed in the resources and programmes developed. 61 Raoul Wallenberg Institute (n 7).