ii. iii. iv. incorporating artificial intelligence into prison administration and management by creating smart prison facility could ensure a fast, accurate and effective decision-making. Treatment of Inmates - overcrowding and inadequate facilities have affected the treatment towards inmates. Access to healthcare has become a critical issue in the prison. The Department of Prison, Malaysia is working to improve healthcare facilities in prisons through cooperation with the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MOH). The Prison Department, Malaysia would like to place the healthcare service in prisons under the purview of MOH. Treatment of prisoners must be in line with the international standards.22 The Department of Prison, Malaysia together with UNODC and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) had translated the Nelson Mandela Rules and its elearning modules into Bahasa Melayu for the prison staffs to understand it better and to apply them in their daily tasks. The e-learning modules will be extended to other law enforcement agencies with detention facilities in Malaysia to ensure a humane treatment to those under their custody. Rehabilitation - a few strategies were initiated by the Department of Prison, Malaysia to improve the effectiveness of rehabilitation program. Among them were: • Correctional and education officers within the prison set up need to be qualified at least with a diploma in counseling and psychology. Prison staffs must be competent and multi-skilled in performing their tasks. • A prison needs to be equipped with proper teaching and training facilities for academic, skills and vocational training for inmates. Prisoners need to be assessed through specific profiling tools to determine and to figure out the sentencing plan and improvement to the teaching in classroom for a conducive environment in the rehabilitation programs. • Participation of family and community in rehabilitation activities needs to be enhanced to create awareness and joint responsibility in the welfare and the well-being of inmates. This will facilitate the integration and resettlement process of the inmates back into the society upon release. Reintegration - inmate reintegration process into society is vital as a continuation of the rehabilitation activities conducted in the prison. It helps to reduce recidivism and at the same time addresses the overcrowding issues in the prison. The Department of Prison, Malaysia has set up a dedicated team to look after the reintegration and resettlement process of inmates into the society. The team consists of resettlement officers who are placed in the prison as well as parole office located outside the prison at district level to facilitate inmates throughout the reintegration process.23 22 Tokyo, Beijing, and Bangkok Rules. As a long-term plan, the Prison Department, Malaysia has targeted two-thirds of inmates to undergo rehabilitation in the community by 2030. The Prison Department, Malaysia has implemented parole system since 2008 whereby prisoners are released under parole order to serve part of the sentence in the community. Inmates are secured with job and accommodation by family or employer under this programme. Inmates will fall under the jurisdiction of the respective district parole office of their parole order. From 2008-2021, about 40,000 inmates were released under parole order. In future, the Prison Department, Malaysia decided to increase the number of district parole officer from 53,200 to facilitate supervision and to enable more participation of inmates in the programme. 23 9