Section 2 Torture and enforced disappearance crimes in light of national legislation and international human rights law 1. Torture crime in light of national legislation and international human rights law 1.1 The right to life and the right to physical and moral integrity are fundamental pillars of human survival. The first right is the most sublime and intimate right because it is a natural right derived from human existence. The absence of this right means the absence of the human entity from existence. The absence of the other right consists of physical or moral assault against the individual in such a way as to inflict severe pain or suffering on him, such as by torture and other inhuman, degrading or humiliating treatment or punishment, in a manner that impairs the exercise of his other rights and freedoms. 1.2 The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bahrain, in Article 19, paragraph (d), provides for the right to physical and moral integrity, as it states that: “No person shall be subjected to physical or mental torture, inducement, or undignified treatment, and the penalty for so doing shall be specified by law. Any statement or confession proved to have been made under torture, inducement, or such treatment, or the threat thereof, shall be null and void”. 1.3 The Penal Code promulgated by Decree Law No. 15 of 1976, as amended, includes provisions that ensure the legal cover for the protection of the human right to life and the right to physical and moral integrity. The legislator added more protection by promulgating Law No. 52 of 2012 amending certain provisions of the Penal Code promulgated by Decree-Law No. 15 of 1976. The criminalization circle extended to include any person, public official or public service officer who intentionally inflicts 12