The Independent Commission for Human Rights - ICHR 31 centres, including the Ash-Shifa’ Medical Complex in the Gaza city and Indonesian Hospital in the Northern Gaza governorate. Direct targeting of infrastructure, including roads and health settings, undermined the ability of patients, particularly those suffering from chronic diseases, to access medical centres. It impeded citizens’ access to COVID-19 vaccines, prevented medical personnel from reaching ill people, and hindered COVID-19 response efforts. 1.1.5 Education To demonstrate their impact on the educational process, the MoE monitored and documented Israeli violations. The Ministry provided actual data documentation to expose Israeli practices and impact on both students and schools. MoE monitoring mechanisms identified important needs of the educational process in the context of states of emergency. Monitoring and documentation tools were developed, ensuring accurate and quick access to information. In addition to developing an electronic monitoring model, capacity building was provided to staff members of Monitoring Sections at the MoE directorate district offices throughout Palestinian governorates. Administrative staff also received training on the electronic monitoring of violations at the moment they occur. Various types of violations were committed against schools. For example, Israeli troops raided school compounds, fired tear gas canisters, stun grenades, live ammunition, and rubber-coated steel bullets on students and school buildings, threatened to close down schools, and physically assaulted students and teachers. At least 231 schools were subjected to a variety of impingements. Of these, 10 schools received demolition and stop work notices, including four in Bethlehem, two in Jerusalem, and two in Yatta. Some 10,739 students and 1,184 teachers and administrative personnel experienced various abuses.32 The IOF killed 15 school students, arrested 90 on arbitrary grounds, and placed 31 others in administrative detention. In comparison to 70 school teachers and administrative staff, a total of 3,450 students were injured by live ammunition and as a result of tear gas inhalation. Israeli troops detained 423 students as well as 99 school teachers and administrative staff. Safe access to school was either delayed or banned for 6,759 students and 983 teachers and administrative staff.33 Israeli arbitrary measures and practices included closures by military orders, denial of access for students and teachers through checkpoints and Wall gates, and attacks on schools and students. The IOF disrupted school classes. Compared to a partial loss of 292 classes, some 5,781 educational sessions were completely lost in 2021.34 During the military aggression on the Gaza Strip, 184 schools sustained damage due to Israeli military attacks, including 39 schools of the United Nations Works and Relief Agency (UNRWA), 10 private schools, and 135 governmental schools. Israeli attacks resulted in the killing of 57 students, including three kindergarten children, 23 elementary school students, 12 preparatory school students, and seven secondary school students. Additionally, 12 education workers and a female kindergarten teacher were slain.35 32 33 34 35 Directorate General of Field Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Annual Report on Israeli Violations against the Educational Process, 2021, Ramallah, January 2022. Ibid. Ibid. Al Mezan Centre for Human Rights, The Reality of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the Gaza Strip, 2021, Gaza, 2021. Twenty Seventh Annual Report 2021